Monday, February 21, 2011
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Understanding Digital Radio
Digital radio has several meanings.
1. Today the most common meaning is digital radio broadcasting technologies, such as the digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system, also known as Eureka 147. In these systems, the analog audio signal is digitized into zeros and ones, compressed using formats such as mp2, and transmitted using a digital modulation scheme. The aim is to increase the number of radio programs in a given spectrum, to improve the audio quality, to eliminate fading problems in mobile environments, to allow additional datacasting services, and to decrease the transmission power or the number of transmitters required to cover a region. However, analog radio programs and equipment, especially for the FM broadcasting system, still dominate the market.
2. An older and more wide definition, that still is used in communication engineering literature, is wireless digital transmission technologies, i.e. microwave and radio frequency communication standards where analog information signals as well as digital data is carried by a digital signal, by means of a digital modulation method. This definition includes broadcasting systems such at digital TV and digital radio broadcasting, but also two-way digital radio standards such as the second generation (2G) cell-phones and later, short-range communication such as digital cordless phones, wireless computer networks, digital micro-wave radio links, deep space communication systems such as communications to and from the two Voyager space probes, etcetera.
3. A less common definition is radio receiver and transmitter implementations that are based on digital signal processing, but may transmit or receive analog radio transmission standards, for example FM radio. This may reduce noise and distortion induced in the electronics. It also allows software radio implementations, where the transmission technology is changed just by selecting another piece of software. In most cases, this would however increase the energy consumption of the receiver equipment.
One-way digital radio (digital broadcasting systems)
[edit]One-way digital radio standards
One-way standards are those used for audio and video broadcasting, and sometimes also datacasting, as opposed to those used for two-way communication. Digital radio broadcasting standards may provide terrestrial or satellite radio service. Digital radio broadcasting systems are typically designed for handheld mobile devices, just like mobile-TV systems, but as opposed to other digital TV systems which typically require a fixed directional antenna. Some digital radio systems provide in-band on-channel (IBOC) solutions that may coexist with or simulcast with analog AM or FM transmissions, while others are designed for designated radio frequency bands. The latter allows one wideband radio signal to carry a multiplexconsisting of several radio-channels of variable bitrate as well as data services and other forms of media. Some digital broadcasting systems allow single-frequency network (SFN), where all terrestrial transmitters in a region sending the same multiplex of radio programs may use the same frequency channel without self-interference problems, further improving the system spectral efficiency.
While digital broadcasting offers many potential benefits, its introduction has been hindered by a lack of global agreement on standards. The Eureka 147 standard (DAB) for digital radio is the most commonly used and is coordinated by the World DMB Forum, which represents more than 30 countries. This standard of digital radio technology was defined in the late 1980s, and is now being introduced in many countries. Commercial DAB receivers began to be sold in 1999 and, by 2006, 500 million people were in the coverage area of DAB broadcasts, although by this time sales had only taken off in the UK and Denmark. In 2006 there are approximately 1,000 DAB stations in operation.[1] There have been criticisms of the Eureka 147 standard and so a new 'DAB+' standard has been proposed.
To date the following standards have been defined for one-way digital radio:
[edit]Digital audio broadcasting systems
- Eureka 147 (branded as DAB)
- DAB+
- Digital Radio Oceane
- ISDB-TSB
- Internet radio
- FM band in-band on-channel (FM IBOC):
- HD Radio (OFDM modulation over FM and AM band IBOC sidebands)
- FMeXtra (FM band IBOC subcarriers)
- Digital Radio Mondiale extension (DRM+) (OFDM modulation over AM band IBOC sidebands)
- AM band in-band on-channel (AM IBOC):
- HD Radio (AM IBOC sideband)
- Digital Radio Mondiale (branded as DRM) for the short, medium and long wave-bands
- Satellite radio:
- WorldSpace in Asia and Africa
- Sirius XM Radio in North America
- MobaHo! in Japan and the Republic of (South) Korea
- Systems also designed for digital TV:
- Low-bandwidth digital data broadcasting over existing FM radio:
- Radio Data System (branded as RDS)
- Radio pagers:
[edit]Digital television broadcasting (DTV) systems
- Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB)
- Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB)
- Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (DMB)
- Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV or DTT) to fixed mainly roof-top antennas:
- Mobile TV reception in handheld devices:
- Satellite TV:
source: wikipedia
Punjab University has started its own community radio station.
Punjab University has started its own community radio station. On 13 February Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni inaugurated this radio station in the University campus.
Now the range of the radio station is 6 km. Union Minister expressed her desire to see the range extended in future. Radio being an affordable item, have the great potentiality to reach more and more people.
Community radio of Punjab University would impart information mainly on education, health, environment, society and cultural related topics. It would also broadcast University related announcements.
source: http://www.24dunia.com
Now the range of the radio station is 6 km. Union Minister expressed her desire to see the range extended in future. Radio being an affordable item, have the great potentiality to reach more and more people.
Community radio of Punjab University would impart information mainly on education, health, environment, society and cultural related topics. It would also broadcast University related announcements.
source: http://www.24dunia.com
Friday, February 18, 2011
I & B ministry encourages private FM stations in NE
I&B ministry encourages private FM stations in NE
The information and broadcasting ministry has sought security clearance from the home ministry to lease out All India [Images ] Radio towers in border towns of the sensitive north-east region to private players who would be interested in launching FM channels.
In the first phase, the ministry has earmarked four states -- Assam, Tripura, Manipur and Nagaland -- to launch FM stations. Of them, the ministry has identified one station, Silchar in Assam to be given to private players. Gandacherra and Chamanu, two border towns in Tripura are likewise earmarked. Manipur will get three FM stations to be located at Ukhrul, Chandel and Churachandpur. Nagaland will get the maximum number of stations 16. These include stations at Kohima, Dimapur, Peren, Wokha, Mon, Tuensang, Phek and Tabu [ ] among others.
For more information click on the link below:
I & B ministry encourages private FM stations in NEGoM on FM radio finalises e-auction for phase III
The Group of Ministers on FM radio phase-III, which will see an additional 700 radio stations in operation, has finalised an e-auction model for its roll out.
The GoM, headed by Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee , met yesterday and decided against the conventional open auction model and instead chose the e-auction method, official sources said today.
While over 200 private FM radio stations are already in operation, the third phase may allow another 700. The third phase would also focus on smaller cities and towns, where private FM radio is absent till now.
The license period for the radio stations has been extended to 15 years from the existing 10 years, they said.
The FM-III policy includes the provision of broadcast of news and current affairs as reported by Prasar Bharati. It also aims at cutting down infrastructure costs by 50 per cent.
Sources said key issues like Prasar Bharati rentals and music royalty are addressed in the Phase III draft.
Radio broadcasters have been vocal about the high rentals charged for Common Tower Infrastructure (CTI) draining their profitability.
With FM-III expanding to smaller tier 'D' cities, it is likely to provide greater freedom and multiple ownership, promotion of local content, talent and culture. Formats like talk shows, dramas, classic and folk music concerts, programming specifically for children, short stories and plays with a social message too are likely to be incorporated.
The GoM, headed by Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee , met yesterday and decided against the conventional open auction model and instead chose the e-auction method, official sources said today.
While over 200 private FM radio stations are already in operation, the third phase may allow another 700. The third phase would also focus on smaller cities and towns, where private FM radio is absent till now.
The license period for the radio stations has been extended to 15 years from the existing 10 years, they said.
The FM-III policy includes the provision of broadcast of news and current affairs as reported by Prasar Bharati. It also aims at cutting down infrastructure costs by 50 per cent.
Sources said key issues like Prasar Bharati rentals and music royalty are addressed in the Phase III draft.
Radio broadcasters have been vocal about the high rentals charged for Common Tower Infrastructure (CTI) draining their profitability.
With FM-III expanding to smaller tier 'D' cities, it is likely to provide greater freedom and multiple ownership, promotion of local content, talent and culture. Formats like talk shows, dramas, classic and folk music concerts, programming specifically for children, short stories and plays with a social message too are likely to be incorporated.
source: http://www.24dunia.com
GoM on FM radio finalises e-auction for phase III
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